Sleep Apnoea

What is Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in adults is defined as a ten-second pause in breathing, occurring more than five times per hour during sleep. It is due to obstruction in the upper airway. Because of the human intrinsic protective mechanism, which senses the resultant lack of oxygen, the patient will be awakened and takes a compensatory deep breath before falling asleep again. This sequence of interrupted breathing and sleep disturbance can eventually develop into a cyclical pattern.

What are the symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?

One of the most obvious indicators is stertorous breathing (loud snoring) over a considerable period of time. The majority of patients experience general fatigue during daylight hours, as well as a loss of energy, lack of concentration, irritability, forgetfulness and a frequent desire to sleep. It is important not to ignore these symptoms, as severe cases may develop serious complications, including heart attacks and strokes.

Adult Symptoms

• Excessive snoring
• Loss of energy
• General fatigue with a desire to sleep during the day
• Morning headache
• Impaired judgment
• Lack of concentration
• Forgetfulness
• Sexual dysfunction

Who are those More Likely to Suffer from Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?

The elderly, the overweight (BMI over 25 kg/m2), patients diagnosed with metabolic disorders, heart disease, chronic lung disease, nasal allergies, and those with an abnormally small lower jaw. A recent study found that sleep apnoea is more common amongst commercial drivers and there is a significantly higher risk of motor vehicle accidents amongst all patients suffering from sleep apnoea.

Causes of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Obesity is by far the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnoea in adults. Other contributing factors include nasal allergies, nasal septum deviation, abnormalities of the jaw configuration and obstructed airways.

What should be done if you suspect obstructive sleep apnea?

It is important to arrange a consultation with a Sleep Physician on a priority basis if you are experiencing symptoms mentioned earlier with regards to sleep apnoea. As sleep apnoea causes daytime fatigue with an increased desire to dose off/fall asleep, this may interrupt your daily activities and work performance. In particular, sleep apnoea negatively impacts on driving motor vehicles and operating machinery. If in doubt, consult a Sleep Physician for an accurate diagnosis.

How does the Doctor Make a Diagnosis?

After the Sleep Physician consultation, patients at risk of sleep apnoea will be advised to undertake a sleep study to assess their individual sleeping pattern. Using Polysomnography, the presence of snoring, the variation of breathing pattern, as well as the blood oxygen levels are monitored and recorded. Eye movements during sleep, air flow through the upper airway, the chest wall movement and the chin position are also assessed. This can also record any abnormal heart rhythms. Following the initial polysomnography and confirmation of the sleep apnoea diagnosis, the Sleep Physician may (depending on the degree of sleep apnoea diagnosed), arrange for a follow-up consultation to determine the best treatment options for the patients. A referral from your GP is required for the sleep apnoea testing and treatment. For all inquiries, please contact our staff at (02) 98046218.

How is Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Treated?

Your Sleep Physician will provide carefully considered treatment following the consultation, thorough examination and testing.

Preparation for Sleep Testing:

• On the day of sleep test, you are advised to continue your normal activities or work schedule. Please avoid taking an afternoon nap.
• Avoid taking stimulants, including coffee, tea, wine or Coca Cola.
• Bathe/shower and wash your hair prior to sleep test.
• Avoid using any moisturizing creams on your skin and do not use any hairspray.
• Wear loose fitting clothing with a buttoned opening at the front.